The noise-cancelling headphones benefits worth paying for
Three, and they are not the ones on the box. Less fatigue at the end of a flight, because your ears stop working against engine noise. Lower listening volume, because you are not competing with the room. And a usable call where a speakerphone would be hopeless. Everything else, including the idea that ANC headphones make music sound better, is marketing.
What cancellation can and cannot remove
Microphones hear the noise arriving at the cup and the driver plays its inverse. That works beautifully on steady, low-frequency sound, which is why an aircraft cabin falls away and the conversation two seats over does not. Expect engines, air conditioning and road rumble to disappear, and voices to become muffled.
The seal does half the work
Pads on an over-ear and tips in an ear canal block sound physically before any electronics are involved. That is why labs measure isolation and cancellation together, why worn pads cost you real performance, and why the first thing to do with new earbuds is to try every tip size in the box.
Ear pressure and transparency mode
Some people find active cancellation uncomfortable: a feeling of pressure or fullness in the ears, most noticeable on earbuds that seal deep in the canal and at the strongest ANC setting. It differs from person to person and no spec predicts it, so buy where returns are easy and wear the pair for a couple of hours at home before you keep it.
Transparency mode (also called ambient or hear-through) uses the microphones to pipe outside sound in, so you can hear a colleague or a station announcement without taking the headphones off. Check that you can switch it on with a button on the headphones, not only in an app. If you feel pain or dizziness, stop using the headphones and ask a doctor.
Codecs, briefly
LDAC is the high-bitrate option on many Android phones and is Sony's; aptX Lossless and Snapdragon Sound are the equivalent route on recent Qualcomm Android phones and are what Bose supports; iPhones use AAC. Both ends have to speak the same one, and none of it fixes a bad seal.
Multipoint
Two devices connected at once, so a call on the phone interrupts the laptop. If you work at a desk it is the feature you will use most, and every over-ear pick on this page has it.
Water ratings
An IP number has two digits: dust, then water. IPX4 means water was rated and dust was not. Neither flagship on this page publishes a rating at all, which tells you plainly that they are travel and desk headphones.
Over-ear, earbuds, open-ear
Call them earphones, ear buds or headphones bluetooth if that is how you search: there are still only three shapes, and the best headphones for you is whichever shape fits the room. Over-ear and other wireless headphones for flights and desks, earbuds for pockets and gyms, open-ear for roads. They are three different tools. Buying an over-ear for running or an open-ear for a flight is the most common expensive mistake in this category.